Bacteriological Profile and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Urine Culture Isolates among Patients Attending to a Teaching Hospital, Jumla

Abstract

Introduction: Urinary tract infections (UTI) is applied to clinical conditions which range from asymptomatic bacteriuria to severe infection of the kidney with the development of sepsis. The pharmacotherapy of UTIs is grounded on the predictable spectrum of causative agents and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Thus, this study aims to assess the bacterial profile and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of isolated bacteria among patients with urinary tract infection.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from August to December 2021 among patients who came to various departments of Karnali Academy of Health Sciences (KAHS), Jumla with suspected urinary tract infection during the study period. Mid-stream urine specimens were collected from 365 individuals for bacteriological identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Data on socio-demographic, clinical and risk factors were also collected using a structured proforma. Isolates were identified by standard microbiological methods and tested for in vitro antibiotic susceptibility by modified Kirby –Bauer disc diffusion method

Results: Among the 365 Urine samples, 98(26.8%) showed significant bacteriuria. Escherichia coli (67.3 %), Enterococcus spp. (14.3%), Acinetobacter spp. (7.1%) were common bacterial isolates. The Gram-negative isolates were most resistant to Cefixime (67.4%), Ampicillin (65.06%) and most sensitive to Nitrofurantoin (98.7%). Gram-positive isolates were highly resistant to Ampicillin (66.6%) and most sensitive to Vancomycin (100%).

Conclusions: Our study concluded that there is pronounced increase in cases of UTIs and antimicrobial resistance with commonly prescribed antibiotics has been observed.